Heat can be transferred in which of the following ways?

Heat can be transferred in three primary ways: conduction, convection, and radiation.

Conduction is the transfer of heat through direct contact between materials. This occurs at the molecular level, where kinetic energy is transferred from one molecule to another as they collide. An everyday example is touching a hot stove, where heat moves from the stove to your hand.

Convection is the transfer of heat through the movement of fluids (liquids and gases). As a fluid is heated, it becomes less dense and rises, while cooler, denser fluid sinks. This movement creates a circular motion known as a convection current. You can observe convection in action when boiling water, as the heat from the stove heats the water at the bottom, causing it to rise and circulate.

Radiation involves the transfer of heat through electromagnetic waves, such as infrared radiation. This type of heat transfer does not require a medium; it can occur in a vacuum. For example, the warmth felt from sunlight is a result of radiative heat transfer.

The combination of conduction, convection, and radiation covers all the fundamental ways heat can be transferred in various environments, making this option the most accurate choice.