What does a generator convert into electrical energy?

A generator primarily converts mechanical energy into electrical energy. It operates based on the principle of electromagnetic induction, where a rotating coil or turbine converts kinetic energy—the movement of the mechanical parts—into electrical energy. As the coil spins within a magnetic field, it induces an electric current, which is the core function of a generator.

Mechanical energy can come from various sources, such as wind (in wind turbines), water flow (in hydroelectric dams), or even steam from burning fossil fuels or nuclear reactions. In each case, the generator transforms the mechanical input from motion into the electric output that powers homes, businesses, and devices.

The other forms of energy listed, such as thermal, chemical, and nuclear energy, represent different processes that can lead to the generation of mechanical energy but are not directly converted into electrical energy by a generator itself.