What does diffraction refer to in wave behavior?

Diffraction refers to the phenomenon where waves spread out as they pass through an opening or around obstacles. This behavior is most commonly observed with sound waves, light waves, and water waves. When a wave encounters an aperture or an edge, it does not simply travel in a straight line; instead, it bends and spreads out into the region beyond the opening.

This spreading effect can be more pronounced with longer wavelengths, allowing the waves to fill the space behind the obstacle. In practical terms, this is why you can hear someone speaking around a corner or why light creates patterns when passing through a narrow slit. The fundamental aspect of diffraction highlights the wave nature of the phenomena involved, which is an essential concept in understanding wave behavior in physical science. The characteristics of diffraction can be observed in everyday life, from the way sound travels through spaces to the patterns of light created by barriers.