What is an electron?

An electron is accurately described as a negatively charged subatomic particle that is found outside the nucleus of an atom. This characterization stems from the fundamental structure of an atom, which consists of a nucleus containing protons and neutrons, while electrons occupy various energy levels or orbitals around the nucleus.

Electrons play a vital role in chemical bonding and reactions due to their negative charge and their arrangement relative to other electrons. Their negative charge is balanced by the positive charge of the protons in the nucleus, contributing to the overall stability of the atom. The presence of electrons in specific energy levels also explains the chemical properties of elements, as they are involved in forming bonds with other atoms to create molecules.

Understanding the location and charge of electrons is crucial for grasping concepts in both chemistry and physics, such as the behavior of atoms in different states or interactions.