What is the purpose of a transformer in an electrical system?

The purpose of a transformer in an electrical system is primarily to increase or decrease voltage levels while maintaining the power (in terms of watts) across the primary and secondary coils, minus any losses. This device operates based on the principles of electromagnetic induction, allowing it to change voltage efficiently. When electricity flows through the primary coil, it creates a magnetic field which then induces a voltage in the secondary coil. By adjusting the number of turns of wire in each coil—more turns on the secondary compared to the primary leads to an increase in voltage, while fewer turns leads to a decrease—transformers are essential in managing how power is transmitted and distributed in electrical systems. This functionality is crucial for ensuring that electricity can be transported over long distances at high voltages and then reduced to safe levels for consumer use.