What is the term for 8 valence electrons that atoms strive to achieve?

Atoms strive to achieve a configuration of 8 valence electrons, which is known as the octet rule. This rule is based on the observation that many atoms are most stable when they have a complete outer shell of electrons, typically consisting of eight. Atoms will gain, lose, or share electrons through chemical bonding in order to reach this stable configuration. The octet rule is particularly applicable to the main group elements in the periodic table.

The other terms listed do not refer to the same concept. For example, the term duet refers to a stable configuration of two valence electrons, which is characteristic of hydrogen and helium. Quadruplet and triplet do not correspond to stable electron configurations in the context of valence shells. In contrast, the octet represents the ideal standard for a wide range of elements, indicating its significance in understanding chemical behavior and stability.