What process is described by the transformation from a liquid to a solid?

The transformation from a liquid to a solid is described as freezing, a process that occurs when the temperature of a liquid drops to its freezing point. During freezing, the particles in the liquid lose energy and begin to arrange themselves into a fixed, orderly structure, forming a solid. This process is crucial in various natural and industrial contexts, such as the formation of ice from water.

Cryogenics refers to the study and application of very low temperatures, but it is not specifically the process of changing a liquid to a solid. Cooling is a more general term that can apply to the reduction of temperature without specifying a phase change. Condensation describes the change from a gas to a liquid, which is a different transformation entirely. Freezing specifically captures the essence of liquids transitioning into a solid state.