What role does friction play when calculating Ideal Mechanical Advantage?

In analyzing the concept of Ideal Mechanical Advantage (IMA), it's essential to understand that IMA simplifies the relationship between output and input forces in a system without considering real-world factors such as friction. IMA is determined using theoretical calculations based on the geometry of the machine, rather than the actual forces encountered during operation.

The principal focus of IMA is to provide an ideal scenario. Therefore, when calculating IMA, friction is typically excluded as it does not impact the theoretical performance of the machine. This assumption helps in evaluating the maximum potential efficiency of a machine under perfect conditions — thereby providing a baseline for comparison with actual performance, which would include the effects of friction, wear, and other real-world inefficiencies.

By excluding friction, IMA allows engineers and scientists to assess the machine's capability without complicating the calculations, thereby representing the best-case scenario for mechanical advantage.